Opening a Big Hole in a Liposome

Liposomes also undergo electroporation.  In the movie at the middle, the lipid membrane literally opens up on the positive-electrode side (top in the movie) each time an electric pulse is applied (an indicator appears at the bottom); the opening is most clear on the first pulse.  In the movie at right, the liposome contains fluorescent dye molecules and baby liposomes.  Upon application of an electric pulse , the dye molecules burst through an opening on the positive-electrode side (top in the movie) together with a few baby liposomes.

  

                               Hibino, M. & Itoh, H., unpublished.